Water Management Including Micro Irrigation
1. Water Resources & Irrigation Development in India and M.S
2. Sources and Functions of Water
3. Classification of Soil Water or Kinds of Soil Water
4. Absorption and Movement of Water in Soil
5. Forces Causing Water Movement and Retention of Water in Soil
6. Soil Moisture Constant
7. Available and Unavailable Soil Water
8. Absorption of Moisture by Crops
9. Factors Affecting Absorption of Water
10. Methods of Soil Moisture Estimation Methods : Laboratory & Field
11. Evaporation, Transpiration, Evapo-transpiration and factors influencing ET
12. Water Requirement and Irrigation Requirement
13. Quantity of Irrigation Water or How Much to Irrigation
14. Devices Used for Measuring Irrigation Water
15. Criteria for Scheduling Irrigation or Approaches for Irrigation Scheduling
16. Simple Technique for Scheduling Irrigation
17. Methods of Irrigation- Surface, Surge, Subsurface, Sprinkler, Raingun Sprinkler
18. Micro Irrigation
19. Irrigation
20. Sprinkler Irrigation
21. Systems of Sprinkle Irrigation
22. Components of Sprinkler Irrigation System
23. Irrigation Efficiency
24. Water Conyenance Efficiency and Water Use Efficiency
25. Frequency of Irrigation
26. Water Quality Parameters
27. Factors Affecting Frequency of Irrigation
28. Common Problems that Result From Using Poor Quality Irrigation Water
29. Quality of Water from Different Sources
30. Definition of Drainage, Causes of Water Logging Effects of Bad Drainage
31. Type of Drainage
32. Agro Technique under ill Drained Soils, Reclamation of Damaged Soils
33. Study of Water Table
34. Type of Land Requiring Drainage
35. Material used Drip System Design
36. Definitions and Terms used in Irrigation
Sunday, February 28, 2010
Friday, February 19, 2010
My Agriculture Information Bank
What is Agriinfo.in?
Agriinfo.in is the website developed by well educated agri professionals having very deep knowledge and good background of agriculture. These professionals are having the educational qualifications from Diploma in Agriculture to Ph. D in Agriculture.Agriculture science is connected to the various sciences as botany, dairy science, social science, economics, pathology, engineering, food science, soil science & chemistry. This are also called as the branches of agriculture. And we are having the team specialist for each and every branch. Our Vision:To create the My Agriculture Information Bank this will provide all type of agriculture information at anytime at anyplace and at free of cost.Our Mission:To provide all information related to agriculture at one spot i.e. My Agriculture Information bank.Our Objectives: Encourage peoples to read about agriculture science by provide free online quality agriculture information. To create the one spot agriculture information center. Educate: Educate the peoples related to the theory & practical of agriculture by creating one spot information center for agriculture. Develop: Develop the condition of Agriculture in India with the help of our educated peoples. Empower: Ask to peoples to empower farmers to go for new techniques. To provide free information to the agriculture professionals at anywhere and at anytime whenever they required. Provide readymade study materials to the agriculture students, etc…By,
Team Agriinfo
http://www.agriinfo.in/
Agriinfo.in is the website developed by well educated agri professionals having very deep knowledge and good background of agriculture. These professionals are having the educational qualifications from Diploma in Agriculture to Ph. D in Agriculture.Agriculture science is connected to the various sciences as botany, dairy science, social science, economics, pathology, engineering, food science, soil science & chemistry. This are also called as the branches of agriculture. And we are having the team specialist for each and every branch. Our Vision:To create the My Agriculture Information Bank this will provide all type of agriculture information at anytime at anyplace and at free of cost.Our Mission:To provide all information related to agriculture at one spot i.e. My Agriculture Information bank.Our Objectives: Encourage peoples to read about agriculture science by provide free online quality agriculture information. To create the one spot agriculture information center. Educate: Educate the peoples related to the theory & practical of agriculture by creating one spot information center for agriculture. Develop: Develop the condition of Agriculture in India with the help of our educated peoples. Empower: Ask to peoples to empower farmers to go for new techniques. To provide free information to the agriculture professionals at anywhere and at anytime whenever they required. Provide readymade study materials to the agriculture students, etc…By,
Team Agriinfo
http://www.agriinfo.in/
Sunday, November 23, 2008
Introduction with Agricultural Engineering
Although agricultural engineering is a fairly new subject, its effect is being felt in India increasingly. In recent years it has contributed to agricultural production in the country both directly and indirectly. The number of modern machines used in agriculture is a fairly good index of the progress made during the four 5 year plans. And yet all this progress is insignificant as compared to that in USSR, USA, Japan, UK Canada, and Australia. This development has made two things clear: 1. That the Indian farmers are quick in adopting new methods and techniques and 2. That the Indian industries can manage as good machines as those abroad.
Agricultural engineering as defined by international institutions comprises of four main branches, (i)farm implements (ii)rural structures (iii)soil conservation, drainage, and irrigation and (iv)rural electricity.
Because of the peculiar local conditions the lack of electricity on a large scale, and the immediate utility of implements, agricultural engineering in India is more of agricultural implements and machinery. But in fact agricultural engineering is a very vast subject and may be defined as the application of the knowledge, techniques and disciplines of various fields of engineering to the solution of problems arising in the field of agriculture and rural living with the object of reducing labour, improving productivity and raising the standard of living of the farmer and increasing the overall earnings per worker.
The era of more intensive planning brought reorganisation on a wider scale. With the establishment of agricultural universities, several agricultural engineering colleges were established offering graduate and post graduate courses. The most important step has been the establishment of agro-industries corporations with the financial assistance of the Central Ministry of Agriculture. The main objectives of establishing these corporations have been to take over the supply and service functions of the departments of agriculture and to expand them. These agri-industries corporations have each a paid-up capital of 2-5 crores of rupees. They have taken over the existing government workshops also.
The other most important development has been in the field of industry which has so far half a dozen factories for manufacturing tractors, 3 or 4 for power tillers, and several for oil engines and electrically driven pumpimg sets. Some of these are being assisted by the Industrial Finance Corporation of India. These helped to quicken the pace of mechanisation of Indian agriculture.
The following table shows the progress made during the last 25 years :
NAME OF THE IMPLEMENT 1951 1956 1961
Mouldboard type iron ploughs 930000 13,66,000 23,00,000
Bullock driven crushers 5,04,000 5,44,000 5,90,000
Power driven crushers 21,000 23,000 32,210
Centrifugal pumps with oil engines 82,000 1,22,000 2,29,000
Electric pumps 25,000 55,000 1,60,000
Tractors 8,500 21,000 34,000
It is not merely the knowledge of agricultural engineering which is needed for increasing production, but also the knowledge of their availability, prices and upkeep. Information can be obtained from:1. At the village level: the village level worker or gram sevak.2. At the block level: the Agricultural Extension Officer or the District Planning Officer.3. At the district level: The District Agricultural Officer or the District Planning Officer.4. At the state level: the State Agricultural Engineering Section and the Managing Director of the State Agro-Industries Corporation.5. At the Central level: the Director of Agricultural implements and Joint Commissioner (machinery), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi.
The private industry as well as the government, through their agro-industries corporations are in the field now for the supply of agricultural machinery to farmers. To prevent the charging of exorbitant prices for tractors, the govt has fixed the price of tractors with the assistance of the Bureau of Cost Accounting in the Ministry of Finance. This organisation has helped the farmers very much. Agricultural aviation is now gaining ground in India. At present the aeroplanes and helicopters are being used mainly for spraying pesticides but in future they may be used for sowing and spraying liquid fertilizers on the crops. Agricultural electronics has also begun and remote-control tractors are being designed and tested in some countries. With the successful explosion of an atomic device India may be able to generate more electricity in the future. The availability of plentiful irrigation water as a result of the Ganga-Kauveri project and the availability of more electricity from atomic energy will make the progress of farm mechanisation in India speedier. Thus the future seems to be bright.
Agricultural engineering as defined by international institutions comprises of four main branches, (i)farm implements (ii)rural structures (iii)soil conservation, drainage, and irrigation and (iv)rural electricity.
Because of the peculiar local conditions the lack of electricity on a large scale, and the immediate utility of implements, agricultural engineering in India is more of agricultural implements and machinery. But in fact agricultural engineering is a very vast subject and may be defined as the application of the knowledge, techniques and disciplines of various fields of engineering to the solution of problems arising in the field of agriculture and rural living with the object of reducing labour, improving productivity and raising the standard of living of the farmer and increasing the overall earnings per worker.
The era of more intensive planning brought reorganisation on a wider scale. With the establishment of agricultural universities, several agricultural engineering colleges were established offering graduate and post graduate courses. The most important step has been the establishment of agro-industries corporations with the financial assistance of the Central Ministry of Agriculture. The main objectives of establishing these corporations have been to take over the supply and service functions of the departments of agriculture and to expand them. These agri-industries corporations have each a paid-up capital of 2-5 crores of rupees. They have taken over the existing government workshops also.
The other most important development has been in the field of industry which has so far half a dozen factories for manufacturing tractors, 3 or 4 for power tillers, and several for oil engines and electrically driven pumpimg sets. Some of these are being assisted by the Industrial Finance Corporation of India. These helped to quicken the pace of mechanisation of Indian agriculture.
The following table shows the progress made during the last 25 years :
NAME OF THE IMPLEMENT 1951 1956 1961
Mouldboard type iron ploughs 930000 13,66,000 23,00,000
Bullock driven crushers 5,04,000 5,44,000 5,90,000
Power driven crushers 21,000 23,000 32,210
Centrifugal pumps with oil engines 82,000 1,22,000 2,29,000
Electric pumps 25,000 55,000 1,60,000
Tractors 8,500 21,000 34,000
It is not merely the knowledge of agricultural engineering which is needed for increasing production, but also the knowledge of their availability, prices and upkeep. Information can be obtained from:1. At the village level: the village level worker or gram sevak.2. At the block level: the Agricultural Extension Officer or the District Planning Officer.3. At the district level: The District Agricultural Officer or the District Planning Officer.4. At the state level: the State Agricultural Engineering Section and the Managing Director of the State Agro-Industries Corporation.5. At the Central level: the Director of Agricultural implements and Joint Commissioner (machinery), Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi.
The private industry as well as the government, through their agro-industries corporations are in the field now for the supply of agricultural machinery to farmers. To prevent the charging of exorbitant prices for tractors, the govt has fixed the price of tractors with the assistance of the Bureau of Cost Accounting in the Ministry of Finance. This organisation has helped the farmers very much. Agricultural aviation is now gaining ground in India. At present the aeroplanes and helicopters are being used mainly for spraying pesticides but in future they may be used for sowing and spraying liquid fertilizers on the crops. Agricultural electronics has also begun and remote-control tractors are being designed and tested in some countries. With the successful explosion of an atomic device India may be able to generate more electricity in the future. The availability of plentiful irrigation water as a result of the Ganga-Kauveri project and the availability of more electricity from atomic energy will make the progress of farm mechanisation in India speedier. Thus the future seems to be bright.
Sunday, November 16, 2008
What is Agril Engineering?
Agricultural engineering is the engineering discipline that applies engineering science and technology to agricultural and biorenewables production and processing, living systems, and to the management of natural resources. The first curriculum in Agricultural Engineering was established at Iowa State University by J. B. Davidson in 1905. The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, now known as the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, was founded in 1907.
Agricultural engineers design agricultural machinery, equipment, and agricultural structures. Agricultural Engineers may perform tasks as planning, supervising and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, flood and water control systems, perform environmental impact assessments and interpret research results and implement relevant practices.
Some specialties include power systems and machinery design; structures and environmental science; and food and bioprocess engineering. They develop ways to conserve soil and water and to improve the processing of agricultural, food, and biorenewable products.
A large percentage of agricultural engineers work in academia or for government agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture or state agricultural extension services. Many are employed by manufacturers of agricultural machinery and equipment. Agricultural engineers work in production, sales, management, research and development, or applied science.
Agricultural engineers design agricultural machinery, equipment, and agricultural structures. Agricultural Engineers may perform tasks as planning, supervising and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, flood and water control systems, perform environmental impact assessments and interpret research results and implement relevant practices.
Some specialties include power systems and machinery design; structures and environmental science; and food and bioprocess engineering. They develop ways to conserve soil and water and to improve the processing of agricultural, food, and biorenewable products.
A large percentage of agricultural engineers work in academia or for government agencies such as the United States Department of Agriculture or state agricultural extension services. Many are employed by manufacturers of agricultural machinery and equipment. Agricultural engineers work in production, sales, management, research and development, or applied science.
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